Research Ethics

Research Ethics

Human Research

Research involving human participants must comply with applicable ethical standards and institutional or national requirements.

Appropriate ethics committee or institutional review board approval should be obtained where required, and approval details should be reported in the manuscript.

Informed consent must be obtained when required, and participant confidentiality must be protected.

Animal Research

Animal research must comply with applicable institutional and national requirements governing ethical use and animal welfare.

The manuscript should report relevant ethical approval information where applicable.

Documentation

The editorial office may request supporting ethics documentation when necessary.