Anti-Aging Drugs: Current Research and Future Prospects

Abstract

Aging is a complex biological process associated with gradual decline in cellular functions and increased risk of age-related diseases Modern anti-aging research focuses on targeting the fundamental mechanisms of aging to improve healthspan rather than only treating individual disorders. Geroprotective agents such as metformin, rapamycin, senolytics, NAD⁺ precursors, spermidine, resveratrol, and GLP-1 receptor agonists have gained attention due to their effects on metabolism, inflammation, autophagy, cellular senescence, and mitochondrial function. Advances in geroscience have identified important aging-related pathways including mTOR, AMPK, nutrient sensing, and oxidative stress regulation. Emerging approaches such as artificial intelligence, precision medicine, and biomarker-based therapies are accelerating the discovery of new anti-aging interventions. Although several compounds show promising results in experimental studies, further clinical research is required to confirm their safety and effectiveness. Anti-aging pharmacology represents a growing field with potential to promote healthy longevity and reduce age-related disease burden.