Evaluating the Prevalence and Patterns of Chronic Kidney Disease in Geriatric Patients with Arthritis: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important comorbidity among elderly arthritis patients, where long-term inflammation, comorbid risk factors, and nephrotoxic medications contribute to renal impairment. In India, the dual burden of arthritis and CKD in geriatric populations poses challenges for diagnosis, management, and quality of life, yet remains underexplored.

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence and staging of CKD among geriatric arthritis patients, characterize clinical patterns of arthritis, and identify associated risk factors and comorbidities.

Methods: This cross-sectional, hospital-based study included 360 patients aged ≥ 60 years with clinically confirmed arthritis. Sociodemographic, clinical, and biochemical data were collected. CKD was staged using KDIGO 2021 guidelines based on eGFI (CKD-EPI 2021). Statistical analyses included descriptive summaries, chi-square tests, and logistic regression models 

Results: The mean participant age was 70.3 ± 6.9 years; females comprised 52.8%. Osteoarthritis was most prevalent (59.7%), followed by rheumatoid arthritis (27.5%) and gout (9.2%). Functional limitation was observed in 71.7% of patients, and 39.4% used mobility aids. CKD prevalence (stage ≥ 3) was 32.5%, with 8.9% having advanced disease (stage G4-G5). Gout patients showed the highest CKD prevalence (61.5%). Hypertension (63.9%) and obesity (62.8%) were the dominant comorbidities. Univariate logistic regression did not identify statistically significant independent predictors, suggesting multifactorial aetiology.

Conclusions: CKD is common among geriatric arthritis patients, with inflammatory subtypes (RA, gout) showing higher prevalence. The interplay of age, comorbidities, and nephrotoxic exposure underscores the need for integrated screening and management strategies targeting renal and musculoskeletal health in elderly populations.