Comprehensive Review of Psoriasis: Pathogenesis, Treatment, and Future Directions

Abstract

Inflammation of the skin, often known as psoriasis, is a chronic skin condition that is brought on by the immune system. There are various factors that can contribute to its development, including genetics, the immune system, and the environment. Immunological dysregulation is primarily caused by the Th17 axis; however, genetics and the environment can also play a role in the development of this condition. Because the disease manifests itself in a variety of ways in various persons, it is essential to make use of standardised tools such as the PASI and the DLQI to arrive at an accurate diagnosis and determine the severity of the condition. There are a number of different methods that can be utilised to treat the illness. Some of these methods include topical therapies, phototherapy, systemic drugs, and biologics that target particular immune pathways. There are a number of severe health concerns that are associated with psoriasis, such as psoriatic arthritis and heart disease, both of which make going through life less enjoyable. As biomarkers and personalised medicine continue to advance, it is possible that treatments will become more therapeutically effective and less risky for each individual patient. It is vital to continue searching for novel drugs and molecular processes to improve the results for patients and to satisfy therapeutic needs that have not yet been satisfied.