A Short Review On Nicotine Replacement Therapy

Abstract

Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) remains the most widely accessible and evidence-based pharmacological intervention for smoking cessation. This review summarizes the mechanisms, formulations, efficacy, and safety profiles of FDA-approved NRT products, including transdermal patches, gum, lozenges, inhalers, and nasal sprays. While all NRTs alleviate withdrawal symptoms by delivering nicotine without tobacco toxins, their pharmacokinetic differences influence user adherence and success rates. Fast-acting forms (gum, spray) provide rapid craving relief but require behavioral compliance, whereas patches offer steady dosing with lower misuse potential. Emerging approaches like nicotine vaccines and monoclonal antibodies show theoretical promise but lack clinical efficacy in trials. Despite limitations including variable individual response and compensatory smoking behaviors NRT doubles quit rates when combined with behavioral support. The review highlights the importance of personalized NRT selection based on dependence severity, side effect profiles, and patient preferences, while underscoring the need for novel agents to address treatment-resistant addiction.