Advancing Migraine Management: Insights into Pathophysiology and Innovative Treatment Modalities with Nanoformulation

Abstract

Migraine is a prevalent neurological disorder characterized by recurrent severe headaches, often accompanied by nausea and sensitivity to light and sound. Affecting approximately one billion individuals globally. This complex condition encompasses various types of migraines, including those with aura and chronic forms, significantly impacting daily functioning and quality of life. The pathophysiology of migraines is primarily attributable to the activation of the trigeminovascular system and the release of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), resulting in neurogenic inflammation and heightened pain sensitivity. Factors contributing to migraines include genetic predispositions and environmental triggers, such as stress and hormonal changes. Treatment modalities encompass acute interventions like NSAIDs and triptans, and preventive strategies involving beta-blockers and CGRP monoclonal antibodies, complemented by lifestyle modifications and behavioural therapies. Emerging Nanoformulations are revolutionizing migraine treatment by enhancing bioavailability and crossing the blood-brain barrier and enabling targeted drug delivery with minimal systemic side effects. Compared to conventional treatments, they offer several advantages, including improved drug absorption, therapeutic efficacy, and sustained release. As personalized medicine evolves, integrating genetic insights and digital health tools, the future of migraine treatment aims at more effective, tailored interventions, improving the overall management of this debilitating condition and enriching patient quality of life.