A Review On Coriandrum Sativum L.: It's Ethno Pharmacology, Phytochemistry, Mechanism, Traditional Uses And Cardiovascular Effects

Abstract

Coriandrum sativum L. (coriander) is an aromatic herb widely used in culinary traditions and folk medicine in many cultures. The flavor has been valued not only by itself, but also for its many therapeutic properties. The review of Coriandrum sativum emphasizes the ethnopharmacological significance, phytochemical constituents and cardiovascular effects of the plant. Coriander has a traditional history of use for a number of health conditions: digestive problems like indigestion and flatulence, inflammatory disorders, microbial infections, anxiety and even for hypertension and palpitations.  Phytochemical analyses show that coriander is rich in essential oils (especially linalool), flavonoids, phenolic acids, fatty acids and phytosterols. Its potent antioxidant, anti inflammatory, antimicrobial and lipid lowering properties are due to these constituents. Also very significant cardiovascular properties of coriander can be noted: experimental studies have shown its effect on lowering of the blood pressure, improvement of the lipid profile and protection against oxidative stress provoked cardiac damage. Mechanism known of coriander is vasodilator via calcium channel blockade and nitric oxide dependent pathways; inhibition of critical enzymes of cholesterol biosynthesis; modulation of cytokine inflammation. Although these results are encouraging, questions exist regarding how standard coriander extracts may be improved, that coriander phytochemical profiles can be made consistent and broadly applicable clinical trials to assess efficacy and safety in humans can be performed. Moreover, some of the active constituents are poorly available thereby requiring formulation of more sophisticated delivery systems to maximize therapeutic outcomes. There is a lot of room for further phytochemical characterization and rigorous clinical evaluations of Coriandrum sativum and various ways of putting it into formulation to highlight the potential of this natural agent as part of the armamentarium for cardiovascular disease and general health management. In addition, coriander has gained support in its acceptance as functional food ingredient as well as nutraceutical which can be used for preventive healthcare applications. Finally it is concluded that Coriandrum sativum L. can be considered as a significant medicinal plant traditionally used in many ways and having pharmacological activities in cardiovascular health based on the scientific evidences.