Involvement of the gut-brain axis in neurological disorders

Abstract

The prevalence of neurological disorders such as anxiety, depression, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer's disease is increasing worldwide. Although the exact mechanism is not clear various factors and mechanisms are involved in their pathogenesis. One of the major factors is the diet which contributes to disease occurrence by stimulation of the gut-brain axis. This crosstalk between the gut-brain axis is not only involved in regulating gastrointestinal homeostasis but also influences behavior, motivation, and cognitive function. Therefore, there is a significant need to explore this vast area, the gut-brain axis, and its association with neurological disorders. It is a well-known fact that commonly prescribed antibiotics are responsible for dysbiosis on the other hand food like probiotics are beneficial for maintaining the diversity of the microbiome. In this review, we have compiled the reports and evidence that link the gut-brain axis to different neurological disorders as it will help identify potential novel therapeutic drug targets. The effect of both western and healthy diets has been discussed which could be beneficial for encouraging people to opt for a healthy lifestyle.