Targeting G-Protein-Coupled Receptors in Modern Drug Discovery: Advances and Therapeutic Potential

Abstract

G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) are the largest and most varied group of membrane proteins. They are essential for converting signals from outside the cell into actions inside the cell. GPCRs play important roles in many body functions, including how we transmit signals in the brain, regulate the immune system, and manage hormones. They are involved in various diseases as well, such as cancer, heart problems, and brain disorders. This review looks at the latest advancements in finding drugs that target GPCRs. It highlights recent successes in designing drugs based on GPCR structures, the development of drugs that change GPCR activity in different ways, and the use of machine learning to predict how substances will interact with these receptors. It also discusses new approaches using RNA therapies and synthetic biology to influence GPCRs. Furthermore, the review focuses on innovative strategies for targeting less understood GPCRs and hidden allosteric sites, which have significant potential for new treatments. The combination of computer tools, omics technologies, and structural biology is creating new opportunities in precise drug development, making GPCRs a promising area for new medicines