Current and Emerging Roles of Nano pharmacology in Cancer Therapy

Abstract

Nano pharmacology, a field that merges nanotechnology with pharmacological science, is significantly reshaping cancer treatment by introducing more precise, effective, and individualized therapeutic strategies. This review examines the current landscape and future directions of nano pharmacological methods in oncology, with particular focus on their contributions to drug delivery, diagnostic tools, and treatment modalities. Engineered nanoparticles including liposomes, dendrites, silica-based carriers, and gold-coated Nano shells have demonstrated the ability to enhance drug solubility, minimize adverse systemic effects, and improve localization of anticancer agents. Technological progress in this area has also impacted modalities such as radiation, immune-based treatments, and gene-targeting therapies, employing both passive and active targeting techniques, intelligent drug release systems, and improved navigation through biological barriers. Additionally, nanoscale technologies like quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, and autonomous nanodevices have shown promise in early tumor identification and real-time monitoring of therapeutic responses. As the biological understanding of cancer deepens, nano pharmacology offers a flexible and innovative framework to address challenges such as drug resistance, low therapeutic efficacy, and the demand for personalized treatment regimens. With ongoing scientific progress, this discipline is poised to become a foundational element in the evolution of precision cancer care