Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A Breif Review On Their Etiology, Complications and Treatments

Abstract

Stein and Leventhal published the first description of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) in 1935. This condition is often referred to as Stein-Leventhal syndrome. Four to twenty percent of women around the world are affected by this condition, which is one of the most prevalent endocrine and metabolic illnesses that has an impact on the reproductive health of women. In addition to insulin resistance, obesity, infertility, and an increased risk of metabolic, endometrial, and cardiovascular consequences, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterised by hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, and polycystic ovarian morphology. PCOS presents with a broad clinical spectrum. There are still other factors that contribute to the development of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), including genetics, lifestyle choices, and environmental influences. Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia are two of the most important contributors to the pathophysiology of PCOS. When making a diagnosis, the Rotterdam criteria are the primary considerations. A multidisciplinary approach is emphasised in the current management strategies. This approach combines lifestyle modifications (such as weight loss and exercise), pharmacotherapy (such as metformin, oral contraceptives, inositol, selenium, letrozole, and clomiphene citrate), and assisted reproductive technologies for infertility, such as bariatric surgery and laparoscopic ovarian drilling.