International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Health Research

Gestational Diabetes - The Epidemic of the Century

Nivetha S.R, Sabitha R, D. Kumarasamyraja, R. Vigneshwaran — Sat, 20 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Gestational diabetes mellitus is diagnosed in the second and third trimester of pregnancy. Although the exact etiology of this condition is still unknown, it is thought to be related to a hormonal imbalance that impacts insulin sensitivity and pancreatic β-cell malfunction. This review provides an overview of the latest reports on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of GDM based on the literature. All the literatures and potential information are collected from the genuine data base such as Pub Med, Scopus Web of Science, etc. The results from the review revealed that nearly 1/6^th pregnancies are associated with hyperglycemia among which 84% are diagnosed under GDM. Nearly 366 million people are affected with diabetes mellitus with an increased in the gestational diabetes worldwide. GDM is more common in India because of decrease in physical activity, alteration in the diet and also due to obesity. In conclusion, this review found that GDM can be addressed as a multifactorial and complex process that can evolve from various mechanisms. Free-of-cost GDM screening and proper treatment for maternal health care can be a significant step towards diabetes care. Half of the women are not aware of their glucose intolerance until they have their index pregnancy and glucose screening. Therefore, there is need to create awareness of this condition with early intervention, proper treatment, diet and multidisciplinary care programs. It can help to reduce the risk of GDM and complications in the general residents and high-risk individuals and promote long-term health.

Estimation of molnupiravir in bulk and capsule by Novel RP-HPLC method development and validation

Wed, 24 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Objective: The current investigation was pointed at developing and progressively validating novel, simple, responsive RP-HPLC method for the measurement of active pharmaceutical ingredient and Marketed Pharmaceutical Dosage form of Molnupiravir.

Methods: A simple, selective, validated isocratic RP-HPLC methodology for the quantitative determination of Molnupiravir. The chromatographic strategy utilized Phenomenex Luna ODS (C₁₈) RP Column, 250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5µm, using isocratic elution with a mobile phase of Phosphate Buffer (0.02M) and Acetonitrile were consists of 60:40% v/v (pH-2.80). A flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and a detector wavelength of 246 nm utilizing the UV detector were given in the instrumental settings. Validation of the proposed method was carried out according to an international conference on harmonization (ICH) guidelines.

Results: LOD and LOQ for the two active ingredients were established with respect to test concentration. The calibration charts plotted were linear with a regression coefficient of R2>0.999, means the linearity was within the limit. Recovery, specificity, linearity, accuracy, robustness, ruggedness were determined as a part of method validation and the results were found to be within the acceptable range.

Conclusion: The proposed method to be fast, simple, feasible and affordable in assay condition. During stability tests, it can be used for routine analysis of the selected drug

Pharmaceutical Drug Registration Procedure and Approval Process in Saudi Arabia

Azharuddin Iftekhar Ahmed, Amjadkhan A. Pathan — Wed, 24 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Human drugs or generic pharmaceuticals drug play a pivotal role in preserving public health, effectively preventing and treating illnesses, disabilities, and fatalities each year. Timely access to these medications is crucial for ensuring the well-being of populations. However, the diverse regulatory landscapes and procedural complexities in developing and emerging nations often hinder the registration and subsequent marketing authorization of high-quality, safe, and effective human drugs, leading to significant delays. This article aims to elucidate the registration prerequisites and approval procedures for human drugs in Saudi Arabia. It delineates the clear pathway for the submission and approval of dossiers intended for marketing authorization applications. Module 1 of the Common Technical Document (CTD) aligns with international standards such as the International Council for Harmonization (ICH) with exceptions noted for certain tests specific to human drugs. The dossier should comprehensively detail the human drug and present the findings of all relevant developmental studies. Understanding the registration requirements and the current regulatory review process administered by the Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA) is essential. This involves identifying the agency's review models, key milestones, and associated timelines to navigate the approval process efficiently.

Happi Gummies L-CARNITINE L-TARTRATE: A Comprehensive nutritive Gummy formula for ENERGY, BRAIN & HEART HEALTH SUPPORT

Thu, 25 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Gummy bears (German: Gummibär) are small, fruit gum candies, similar to a jelly baby. The candy is roughly 2 cm (0.8 in) long and shaped in the form of a bear. L-Carnitine is a trimethylated amino acid, roughly similar in structure to choline, L-carnitine is a cofactor required for transformation of free long-chain fatty acids into acylcarnitines, and for their subsequent transport into the mitochondrial matrix, where they undergo beta-oxidation for cellular energy production. Conditions that appear to benefit from exogenous supplementation of L-carnitine include anorexia, chronic fatigue, cardiovascular disease, diphtheria, hypoglycemia, male infertility, muscular myopathies, and Rett syndrome. Preterm infants, dialysis patients, and HIV-positive individuals seem to be prone to a deficiency of L-carnitine and benefit from supplementation. Although discovered in 1905, the crucial role of L-carnitine in metabolism was not elucidated until 1955, and its deficiency was not described until 1972. The most significant source of L-carnitine in human nutrition is meat, although humans can synthesize L-carnitine from dietary amino acids. This review discusses the role of l-carnitine in Clinical Indications Such as Anorexia, Athletic Performance. In Cardiovascular Diseases such as Angina and Ischemia, Peripheral Vascular Disease, Cardiogenic Shock, Cardiomyopathy, Myocardial Infarction, Hyperlipidemia, Diabetes/Insulin Resistance, Cancer, & in Hepatic Effects such as Fatty Liver, Hepatitis, Hepatic Encephalopathy from Cirrhosis, HIV and Immunity, Hyperthyroidism, Male Infertility, Renal Failure/Dialysis, Weight Loss, Respiratory Distress in Premature Infants.

Formulation And Evaluation Of Cytarabine Microspheres For Sustained Drug Delivery

Md.Adil, Zareena Shaik, L. Harikiran — Thu, 25 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The Drug Cytarabine has short half life and hence requires frequent administration. Therefore the possible way for formulating a sustained release formulation of mucoadhesive microspheres. These formulations are prepared by solvent evaporation technique by using polymers HPMC15cps+Carbopol 934p and HPMC15000cps+Carbopol 934p. Various evaluation parameters assessed, with a view to obtain sustained release of Cytarabine. In the present study six formulations are formulated by using Sodium Alginate and HPMC15cps+Carbopol 934p and HPMC15000cps + Carbopol 934p various proportions. The prepared Cytarabine microspheres are then subjected to IR, SEM, particle size, % yield, Swelling Index, Micrometric, % Drug entrapment efficiency, In-vitro mucoadhesion test and in vitro dissolution studies. The IR Spectra revealed that, there is no interaction between the polymer and Cytarabine. Cytarabine microspheres are spherical in nature, which was confirmed by SEM. The Optimized formulation C3 was found to release the drug for 12 h (99.13%) and follows peppas drug release kinetics model in dissolution studies.

Formulation Development And In Vitro Characterisation Of Deflazacort Extended Release Matrix Tablets

Amrytha Patil, B.Thejovathi, L.Harikiran — Thu, 25 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of the present study was to develop Extended release formulation of Deflazacort to maintain constant therapeutic levels of the drug for over 12 hrs. HPMC K100M, HPMC (K4M) and Carbopol 71G were employed as polymers. All the formulations were passed various physicochemical evaluation parameters and they were found to be within limits. Whereas from the dissolution studies it was evident that the formulation (F6) showed better and desired drug release pattern i.e., 98.85% in 12 hours. It contains the HPMC (K4M) as Extended release material. It followed peppas release kinetics mechanism.

Crispr/Cas9 Enzyme Using For Editing Of Cancer Gene

Ubbani Ramakrishna, Alle Swathi, M Kannadasan, Seema Tomar — Thu, 25 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats are DNA sequences that go by the acronym CRISPR. Scientists may now alter an organism's DNA thanks to a set of technologies known as genome editing, sometimes referred to as gene editing. Cancer. Mutations in various genes, including TP53, MLH1, BRCA1, and HLA-B, can result in cancer. Serious endometrial carcinoma is an extremely uncommon but aggressive kind of cancer that affects women, and it has been related to BRCA1 mutations. The use of CRISPR-Cas9 protein and other genome editing technologies to modify human genomes raises ethical questions. Somatic cells—those distinct from egg and sperm cells—are the only ones affected by the majority of the alterations brought about by genome editing. These alterations are exclusive to particular tissues and do not transfer from one generation to the next. The treatment and prevention of human diseases are highly interested in genome editing. These technologies make it possible to add, remove, or change genetic material at specific points along the genome sequence, including sickle cell disease, haemophilia, and cystic fibrosis, among other single-gene illnesses. Additionally, there is hope that it can help treat and prevent more complicated illnesses like cancer, heart disease, and mental illness.

Nutraceutical Management Of Rheumatoid Arthritis

S. Revathy, N. Sivagurunathan, N. Bharathi Thilagam, S. Aruna, M. Asika — Sat, 27 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Rheumatoid arthritis is a multifactorial autoimmune disease of unknown etiology, primarily affecting the joint, and then extra articular manifestation can occur. The people are predominantly affected by rheumatoid arthritis between the age of 20-60 years with an unpredictable course. In 2020, an estimated 17.6 million (95% uncertainly interval (15.8-20.3) people had rheumatoid arthritis worldwide. Womens are highly affected by rheumatoid arthritis when compared to the men. Because of two main reasons-sex hormones and strong evidence to infections, vaccinations and environmental triggers. Rheumatoid arthritis can affect any joint, but it is usually found in metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joint as well as in writsts and knee. It is characterized by persistent inflammation that primarily affects the peripheral joints. Disease modifying anti- rheumatoid drugs, steroids and anti-inflammatory drugs are used to control the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. There are range of drugs that can treat rheumatoid arthritis, they can all have significant side effect. The side effects are gastro intestinal tract problems, bleeding, high blood pressure, weight gain, high blood sugar and decreased bone health and liver damage. Food is a rich source of antioxidants and anti inflammatory bioactive constituents including phenolic compounds polyunsaturated ,fatty acids, phytosterol, tocopherols and carotenoids.The majority of nutraceutical studies posses beneficial effect toward chronic inflammatory disease, which might be due to the presence of one or more phytochemical. Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant nutraceuticals may serve as complimentary medicine for the management of rheumatoid arthritis.