International Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Care Research
type: channel
description: The International Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Care Research (IJPHR) is a peer-reviewed, Quarterly official international journal allowing access to abstracts and full-text. The journal is devoted to the promotion of pharmaceutical sciences, Health care, Public health and other related multi disciplines. Multi - Disciplines follows: Pharmacotherapy, Drug delivery systems, Drug Analysis, Hospital Pharmacy, Chemical Moieties, Pharmacology, Docking studies, Clinical studies, Traditional medicines, Immunology, Radiopharmaceuticals, Nuclear medicines, Nursing, Microbiology, Biotechnology, Industrial trials, Physiotherapy, Psychotherapy, Ophthalmology, Physiology, Biochemistry, Environmental and occupational health, Community medicine, Endermologie, Epidemiology and biostatistics, Human nutrition, Reproductive health, Health service management, Health informatics, Sociology & Social works, Biomedical engineering sciences, Molecular biology, Natural & computational sciences, Veterinary medicines, Plant biological studies. ISSN: 2306 - 6091 International Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Care Research seeks to foster multidisciplinary research and collaboration among scientists, pharmaceutical industries and healthcare sector as well as provide an international forum for the communication and evaluation of data, methods and opinions in pharmaceutical sciences and other related inter multi disciplines. Although primarily devoted to original research papers, the journal particularly welcomes reviews on current topics of special interest and relevance. All manuscripts will be subjected to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not already under consideration for publication) will be published without delay.
publisher: DrSriram Publications
language: en-US
publication name: International Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Care Research
issn: 2306-6091
items: Hydrodynamically Balanced Systems using Famotidine: Influence of natural and synthetic polymers
items: AI Language Models in Pharmaceutical R&D: Regulatory Compliance and Ethical Considerations
items: Comparative Study of New Drug Application Procedure in US, EU and India
items: Review and Approval Procedures for Promotional Materials
items: Challenges in Designing Anda for Parenteral Products
items: Role of ICH in Harmonizing Drug Regulations
items: International Regulatory Framework (IRF)
items: Effect of Clinical Pharmacy Interventions on Oral Antidiabetic Prescribing Patterns and Related Complications in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital
items: Design, Formulation, and Evaluation of Hyptis suaveolens-Loaded Bioadhesive Vaginal Gels
items: Hydrogel Systems for Clinical Research emerging trends in Therapeutics
items: Predictive Biopharmaceutics. Role of In-silico models in Drug Development
items: Next Generation Biopharmaceutics Bridging Molecular Design with Clinical Success
items: Breast Cancer Management: Integrating Genomics, Targeted Therapy, and Immuno-Oncology
items: Analytical Method Development and Validation of Drugs in the Management of Hospital-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia
items: Isolation and Analytical Characterization of Azadirachta Indica Seed Constituents Using Chromatography and Infrared Spectroscopy
items: AI Tools and the Evolution in Medical Writing
items: Virtual Clinical Trails and Reshaping Research Delivery
items: The Changing Face of Drug Development, Trends and Challenges
items: Role of Pharmacologist in Clinical Trials and Regulatory Affairs
items: Next Generation Bio Tech Innovations: Shaping the Future of Health Care
items: Current and Emerging Roles of Nano pharmacology in Cancer Therapy
items: Seizure Control: Exploring new therapies and technologies
items: Formulation, Evaluation, and Optimization of Viloxazine-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles in In-Situ Gel for Nose-to-Brain Delivery in the Effective Management of Depression
items: Exploring Zoonotic Diseases: Bridging the Gap Between Animals and Human Health
items: Recent Advances In Breast Cancer And Role Of Artificial Intelligence In Prediction And Diagnosis
items: Elevated Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio as a Prognostic Biomarker for Stroke: A Review
items: A Review On Coriandrum Sativum L.: It's Ethno Pharmacology, Phytochemistry, Mechanism, Traditional Uses And Cardiovascular Effects
items: Therapeutic Potential Of Curcuma Longa In Acute Kidney Injury: Mechanisms And Clinical Prospects
items: Persistent Threat Of Typhoid Fever: Challenges In Endemic Regions And The Role Of Vaccination
items: Erlotinib as a Potential Therapeutic Agent for Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review of its Mechanism of action and Preclinical evidence
items: A Boom of Artificial Intelligence In Pharmaceutical Industry- A Review
items: A Short Review On Antibiotic Drug
items: A Systematic Review Anti Diabetic Drug And Their Management Therapies
items: A Market Perspective On Herbal And Commercial Toothpaste: Comparative Insights And Trends
items: A Critical Review Of The Adverse Effects Of Commonly Prescribed Painkillers
items: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, And Public Awareness Of Cancer: A Comprehensive Review
items: Comprehensive Review of Psoriasis: Pathogenesis, Treatment, and Future Directions
items: A Short Review On Nicotine Replacement Therapy
items: A Review On Juglans Regia: Its Botanical Description, Phytochemistry, Traditional Uses And Its Pharmacological Activities
items: Involvement of the gut-brain axis in neurological disorders
items: A Comprehensive Review Of Athlete’s Foot (Tinea Pedis) Etiology, Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, And Management
items: Phytochemical, Physicochemical & Anti-Inflammatory Investigation Of Leaves And Root Of Lantana Camara Linn.
items: A Comprehensive Review on the Herbal Gels as Effective Topical Therapeutics for Inflammation
items: Nutraceuticals in Modern Pharmacy: Bridging Nutrition and Therapeutics
items: Targeting G-Protein-Coupled Receptors in Modern Drug Discovery: Advances and Therapeutic Potential
items: A Systematic Review on Alternatives Medicines for Prevention of Asthma Disease
items: Formulation And Evaluation Of Herbal Mosquito Repellent Cream
items: A Comprehensive Review On Herbal Shampoo For Dandruff Scalp
items: Potassium Salt of Boswellic Acid To Managing Hypokalemia Associated With Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) During Pregnancy
items: Advancing skin cancer therapy: innovations in curcumin ointment development

Hydrodynamically Balanced Systems using Famotidine: Influence of natural and synthetic polymers
type: item
description: This study focuses on the development and evaluation of floating sustained-release tablets of Famotidine using the Hydrodynamically Balanced System (HBS) approach to prolong gastric retention and enhance bioavailability for the management of peptic and duodenal ulcers. Floating tablets were formulated via wet granulation employing both synthetic (HPMC 15cps, HPMC 100M, Carbopol) and natural polymers (Chitosan, Psyllium husk), along with gas-generating agents to achieve buoyancy. All prepared formulations were assessed for drug-polymer compatibility, pre-compression parameters, and post-compression characteristics, including in-vitro buoyancy and drug release. Infrared spectroscopy confirmed the compatibility between Famotidine and the polymers. The synthetic polymer-based formulations demonstrated superior performance compared to those with natural polymers. Among all, formulation SPF5, containing HPMC 15cps, was identified as the optimized batch. It exhibited an excellent floating lag time of 15 seconds, a total floating time of over 23 hours, a high swelling index (68.38%), and sustained drug release over 12 hours in simulated gastric fluid. The drug release from SPF5 followed zero-order kinetics (R²=0.964) and the Higuchi model, indicating a diffusion-based, Non-Fickian release mechanism. Stability studies confirmed the formulation's robustness over time. In conclusion, the successful development of Famotidine HBS tablets presents a promising strategy for controlled drug delivery, offering improved therapeutic efficacy over conventional dosage forms.
creator: B. Sudheer
creator: Kanda Santhi
creator: Bodla Jahanvi
creator: A. Sambasiva Rao
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Care Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-31
publication date: 2025-10-31
volume: 13
number: 4
starting page: 527
ending page: 536

AI Language Models in Pharmaceutical R&D: Regulatory Compliance and Ethical Considerations
type: item
description: The integration of AI language models such as GPT, BERT, and other transformer-based systems is transforming pharmaceutical R&D by enhancing drug discovery, clinical trial design, regulatory documentation, and pharmacovigilance through automation of literature mining, protocol drafting, and safety reporting. Their ability to analyze vast unstructured data accelerates decision-making and shortens time-to-market for new therapies. However, adoption in regulated pharma environments faces challenges including lack of harmonized validation guidelines, risks of data hallucination, limited transparency, and compliance uncertainties due to the absence of specific frameworks from regulatory bodies like the FDA, EMA, and ICH. Ethical concerns such as algorithmic bias, patient data privacy, and accountability further complicate deployment. To overcome these issues, hybrid human-AI workflows, explainable AI (XAI), and ethical oversight are recommended, along with domain-specific model training, risk-based regulatory classifications, and global harmonization of standards. Ultimately, the future of AI in pharma depends on balancing innovation with compliance to ensure patient safety, equity, and trust.
creator: Srivani Gaddam
creator: Sappa Sowmya
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Care Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-28
publication date: 2025-09-28
volume: 13
number: 4
starting page: 407
ending page: 415

Comparative Study of New Drug Application Procedure in US, EU and India
type: item
description: This topic aims at reviewing the drug filing and different aspects of obtaining United States Food & Drug Administration (USFDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) approval for a drug in order to get a Marketing Authorization in US & Europe and their effective role in improving the standards laid down by them. All new / generic drug products must be approved by the respective regulatory agency governing the respective market before a particular product can be introduced into the market. By law, all new drugs must first be shown to be safe and effective before they can be approved by the respective regulatory agency for marketing. USFDA is the regulatory agency which is responsible for safety regulation of the food and drug products in US. EMA is the regulatory agency decentralized body which is responsible for safety regulation of the food and drug products in Europe. Drug approval process in USFDA involves submitting of an Investigational New Drug Application, followed by submission of New Drug Application. The applications are reviewed and agency officials examine the drug’s safety and efficacy data and the drug is approved. EU establishes 4 different drug approval processes: 1) Centralized Procedure 2) Decentralized Procedure 3) National Procedure 4) Mutual Recognition Procedure.
creator: Vadthya Priyanka
creator: Vishnupriya
creator: D. Varun
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Care Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-27
publication date: 2025-10-27
volume: 13
number: 4
starting page: 516
ending page: 526

Review and Approval Procedures for Promotional Materials
type: item
description: A survey study was conducted in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, to examine current drug promotional practices and assess how promotional material gifts influence prescribing behavior. A total of 200 health professionals participated, including 100 drug promoters and 100 drug prescribers from both public and private institutions. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and supported by secondary sources. Findings revealed that most respondents preferred prescribing by generic name rather than brand name. Almost all promoters (99%) had contacted prescribers, and 97% of both groups believed promotional materials provided full and relevant drug information. While most participants agreed that promotion and material gifts are necessary, they felt the monetary value of such gifts should remain small. The study concluded that promotional activities accompanied by material gifts significantly influence prescribing behavior, particularly in private institutions. These findings highlight the need for stricter regulation and ethical oversight of drug promotion in Ethiopia to prevent biased prescribing and rising medication costs.
creator: K. Anusha
creator: MD. Jaffer
creator: D. Varun
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Care Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-26
publication date: 2025-10-26
volume: 13
number: 4
starting page: 503
ending page: 515

Challenges in Designing Anda for Parenteral Products
type: item
description: Quality by Design (QbD) is a systematic approach that focuses on understanding and controlling product quality through the integration of scientific principles, risk management, and regulatory requirements. This abstract provides a comprehensive overview of the application of QbD principles in the development of parenteral drug formulations, which are administered via injections, infusions, or implants. Employing Quality by Design (QbD) during the development of parenteral drug formulations yields substantial advantages as it facilitates a thorough comprehension of the interplay amongst formulation variables, process parameters, and critical quality attributes (CQAs). By employing a proactive and science-based approach, manufacturers can optimize product quality, reduce batch failures, and enhance patient safety and efficacy. The QbD approach in parenteral drug formulations involves several key elements. The first step is to identify and define the Critical Quality Attributes (CQAs) that are crucial to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the drug product. These attributes include parameters such as potency, purity, stability, and drug release profiles. Secondly, QbD encourages the establishment of a design space, which defines the acceptable ranges of formulation and process parameters that ensure product quality within the desired CQA specifications. Furthermore, QbD promotes a lifecycle approach, encompassing the entire product lifecycle from development to post-approval changes. This involves continuous process verification, ongoing monitoring of product performance, and the implementation of quality control strategies to ensure consistency and reliability. In conclusion, the application of QbD principles in parenteral drug formulations offers a robust and science-based approach to ensure product quality, safety, and efficacy. By leveraging these principles, manufacturers can optimize formulations, control critical parameters, and enhance process.
creator: Ramya Goli
creator: P. Vishnupriya
creator: D. Varun
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Care Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-28
publication date: 2025-10-28
volume: 13
number: 4
starting page: 493
ending page: 502

Role of ICH in Harmonizing Drug Regulations
type: item
description: The International Council on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) is a project that brings together the regulatory authorities of Europe, Japan and the United States and experts from the pharmaceutical industry in the three regions to discuss scientific and technical aspects of pharmaceutical product registration. Harmonisation of regulatory requirements was initiated by the European Community (EC), in the 1980s, the EC moved towards the development of a single market for pharmaceuticals. ICH regulatory authorities are among the first to evaluate new chemical entities and new products obtained from biotechnology. ICH provides various guidelines which are categorised into four category, Quality guidelines, safety guidelines, efficacy guidelines and multidisciplinary guidelines. These guideline give special concern for the patient population, large-scale human clinical trials lasting up to one year can begin in the absence of completed carcinogenicity studies in rodents.
creator: Gaddam Sunil Reddy
creator: D. Varun
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Care Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-27
publication date: 2025-10-27
volume: 13
number: 4
starting page: 481
ending page: 492

International Regulatory Framework (IRF)
type: item
description: This study examines whether companies can comply with corporate reporting laws using de facto standards such as the International Integrated Reporting Framework (IRF) to meet the requirements of Directive 2014/95/EU on non-financial and diversity disclosure. An interpretivist research approach was adopted, using secondary data from professional reports, regulatory publications, and corporate registers. Findings reveal that for a private framework to achieve de facto standard status, it must gain strong regulatory endorsement and support from influential policymakers to ensure national-level adoption and diffusion. Without such backing, voluntary reporting frameworks struggle to become widely accepted. The study highlights that current practices often prioritize financial value creation and stock market capitalism over social and environmental sustainability, limiting their broader societal impact. It questions the continued relevance of both the IRF and the EU Directive in the post-COVID-19 era, emphasizing the need for reporting systems that move beyond compliance façades toward genuine accountability and sustainable value creation.
creator: A. Sharath Yadav
creator: D. Varun
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Care Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-27
publication date: 2025-10-27
volume: 13
number: 4
starting page: 470
ending page: 480

Effect of Clinical Pharmacy Interventions on Oral Antidiabetic Prescribing Patterns and Related Complications in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital
type: item
description: The primary aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of clinical pharmacy activities on the contemporary prescribing patterns of oral antidiabetic drugs and their associated complications in a tertiary care teaching hospital. The study included only patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were admitted to the hospital. Medication details of all enrolled patients were collected and documented using a well-designed data collection form. Patient sociodemographic information such as age, sex, weight, and height was recorded, along with disease-specific details including past medical history, reason for admission, and any known allergies. Medication history covering drug name, route of administration, dosage, type of drug-related problem, reason for pharmacist intervention, and suggestions provided by the clinical pharmacist was also documented. The analysis revealed that among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and associated complications, insulin therapy was preferred over oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs). In most cases, insulin was used in combination with OHAs to achieve better glycemic control, especially in patients presenting with markedly elevated blood glucose levels. Regular insulin emerged as the first choice for insulin therapy, while metformin was identified as the most frequently prescribed OHA. Furthermore, the study emphasized that patient education regarding lifestyle modification and diabetes management plays a crucial role in achieving optimal glycemic control. The implementation of clinical pharmacy services was found to be essential for patient education, monitoring potential drug interactions, and improving overall quality of life. The present study suggests that effective management of diabetic patients including appropriate dietary adjustments, lifestyle modifications, and adherence to prescribed medications can significantly improve glycemic outcomes and enhance therapeutic effectiveness.
creator: Deshmukh Pooja Vinod
creator: S.A. Sreenivas
creator: Patil Suyog Himmatrao3
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Care Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-22
publication date: 2024-12-22
volume: 13
number: 4
starting page: 524
ending page: 535

Design, Formulation, and Evaluation of Hyptis suaveolens-Loaded Bioadhesive Vaginal Gels
type: item
description: The present study aimed to formulate and evaluate a vaginal gel containing petroleum ether extract of Hyptis suaveolens leaves. The extract was subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening to identify the presence of various phytoconstituents. Vaginal gel formulations were prepared using different gelling agents, namely Carbopol 934P, HPMC K100, Pemulen TR-1, Pemulen TR-2, Xanthan gum, and Lutrol, at varying concentrations employing standard gelling techniques. All Hyptis suaveolens (HS) gel formulations were evaluated for physical parameters including appearance, spreadability, viscosity, pH, and extrudability following standard methods. The pH values of several formulations were found to be outside the desirable vaginal pH range of 4.5–5.5, and those formulations were excluded from further characterization. Among the formulations, CF3, HF3, P1F3, P2F3, LF3, and XF3, containing higher concentrations of respective gelling agents, exhibited satisfactory physical characteristics. These selected gels were subjected to in vitro diffusion studies. Based on diffusion profiles, the formulation containing Carbopol 934P (CF3) was optimized due to its desirable retarding ability and consistency. The optimized formulation was further evaluated in vivo in rats to assess antifertility activity. Results revealed that the petroleum ether extract of Hyptis suaveolens leaves effectively inhibited sperm motility and prevented conception, indicating its potential as an antifertility agent in vaginal gel form.
creator: Patil Suyog Himmatrao
creator: S.A. Sreenivas
creator: Deshmukh Pooja Vinod
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Care Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-12-23
publication date: 2023-12-23
volume: 13
number: 4
starting page: 56
ending page: 64

Hydrogel Systems for Clinical Research emerging trends in Therapeutics
type: item
description: This abstract summarizes current trends in hydrogel design and translational strategies that are advancing clinical research in therapeutics. It emphasizes responsive chemistries, device–drug combination pathways, and application niches with promising near-term clinical applications. Hydrogels are water-based polymer networks that can change their mechanical and transport properties. In the last ten years, they have quickly moved from research labs to real-world applications. Hydrogels are useful for several purposes: they can provide localized drug delivery, act as carriers for cells and genes, and serve as scaffolds for healing wounds and regenerating tissues. They are also effective in transdermal microneedle systems, which allow for painless drug administration. Hydrogels are becoming important platforms in clinical settings, effectively connecting biologics, small molecules, and cell therapies. They are particularly useful for local treatments, chronic wound repair, osteoarticular injections, and minimally invasive vaccine delivery. Early strategic engagement on chemistry, manufacturing, and controls (CMC) as well as regulatory pathways for combination products, along with the design of imaging-enabled endpoints, will help accelerate first-in-human studies and enhance the therapeutic impact.
creator: Mattaparthi Sri Sai Lakshmi Lasya
creator: Jana Lavanya
creator: Chandanaboina Jyoshna
creator: Satish Kumar Vemavarapu
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Care Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-17
publication date: 2025-10-17
volume: 13
number: 4
starting page: 465
ending page: 469

Predictive Biopharmaceutics. Role of In-silico models in Drug Development
type: item
description: Predictive biopharmaceutics has become a vital tool in contemporary drug development, offering a theoretical framework to predict drug candidates' In- vivo performance based on their formulation and physicochemical properties. Predictive biopharmaceutics speeds up decision-making and lessens the cost of experiments by incorporating computational techniques to enable early identification of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) profiles. Quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) analysis, physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling, and molecular simulations are examples of in-silico models that are essential to this paradigm. These models provide highly accurate predictions of drug solubility, permeability, dissolution, and bioavailability under a variety of physiological circumstances. Using In-silico methods and predictive biopharmaceutics reduces late-stage failures while promoting cost-effectiveness, regulatory acceptance, and logical formulation design. When used in tandem, these instruments are transforming the drug development process by bridging the gap between clinical results and laboratory results, ultimately guaranteeing patients safer and more effective treatments.
creator: Ediga Harshitha
creator: Kamsala Girija
creator: Kallam Pavani sri
creator: Satish Kumar Vemavarapu
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Care Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-18
publication date: 2025-10-18
volume: 13
number: 4
starting page: 459
ending page: 464

Next Generation Biopharmaceutics Bridging Molecular Design with Clinical Success
type: item
description: Drug discovery and development remain lengthy and costly, often requiring over a decade and billions of dollars per approved therapy, with high attrition rates in clinical trials. Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are transforming this landscape by enabling predictive modelling, virtual screening, and generative molecular design. Techniques such as deep learning architectures (CNNs, RNNs and transformer models) and generative frameworks (GANs, VAEs, reinforcement learning) are accelerating drug–target interaction prediction, de novo compound generation, and optimization of biologics. These innovations significantly reduce development timelines, improve candidate selection, and enhance reliability compared to traditional trial-and-error methods. Integration of AI with organ-on-chip systems, biomarker-guided study designs, and digital simulations further bridges preclinical research with clinical translation. By fostering model-informed and data-driven development, next-generation biopharmaceutics emphasizes precision, safety, and cost-effectiveness. While regulatory, ethical, and technical challenges persist, AI-driven pipelines are poised to deliver a paradigm shift in pharmaceutical sciences, ensuring faster bench-to-bedside translation and shaping the future of personalized medicine.
creator: Shamshuddin Shaik Kattubadi
creator: Bubai Bhowmik
creator: Tharun Tamminaina
creator: Satish Kumar Vemavarapu
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Care Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-15
publication date: 2025-10-15
volume: 13
number: 4
starting page: 449
ending page: 458

Breast Cancer Management: Integrating Genomics, Targeted Therapy, and Immuno-Oncology
type: item
description: Breast cancer remains one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide, contributing substantially to cancer-related morbidity and mortality among women. Over the past two decades, advances in genomics, molecular profiling, and translational oncology have transformed breast cancer management from a conventional, histology-driven approach to one increasingly guided by precision medicine. The integration of genomic technologies has enabled the identification of actionable mutations, predictive biomarkers, and molecular subtypes that inform both prognosis and therapeutic decision-making. Targeted therapies, particularly those directed against HER2, PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling, and cyclin-dependent kinases, have reshaped the therapeutic landscape by improving survival outcomes and minimizing systemic toxicity. More recently, immuno-oncology strategies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte therapies, and cancer vaccines, have expanded therapeutic possibilities, especially in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a traditionally hard-to-treat subtype. This manuscript provides a comprehensive review of breast cancer management, focusing on the integration of genomics, targeted therapy, and immuno-oncology within clinical practice. It highlights current standards of care, key molecular insights, translational research, and ongoing clinical trials while also emphasizing future perspectives for achieving durable responses and personalized cancer therapy.
creator: Shaktiprasad Pradhan
creator: Minakshi Kumari Panda
creator: Pradyumna Kumar Behera
creator: Dibya Ritika Manjari
creator: Ankita Moharana
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Care Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-16
publication date: 2025-10-16
volume: 13
number: 4
starting page: 441
ending page: 448

Analytical Method Development and Validation of Drugs in the Management of Hospital-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia
type: item
description: A basic, Exact, exact strategy was created for the concurrent assessment of the Ceftolozane and Tazobactam in drug dose structure. Chromatogram was gone through XTerra C18 (4.6 x 150mm, 5 μm molecule size). Portable stage containing Phosphate cradle and Acetonitrile in the proportion of 55:45 was siphoned through segment at a stream pace of 1ml/min. Support utilized at pH 4.6. Temperature was kept up with at Encompassing. Upgraded frequency for Ceftolozane and Tazobactam was 260 nm. Maintenance season of Ceftolozane and Tazobactam were viewed as 2.28 min and 3.62 min. The % virtue of Ceftolozane and Tazobactam was viewed as 100.5% and 101.2% individually. The framework appropriateness boundaries for Ceftolozane and Tazobactam, for example, hypothetical plates and following element were viewed as 2589.3, 5419.7, 1.11 and 1.34. The goal was viewed as 8.0. The linearity study for Ceftolozane and Tazobactam connection coefficient (r2) was viewed as 0.999 and 0.999, % mean recuperation was viewed as 100.1% and 100.4%, %RSD for repeatability was 1.2 and 0.60, % RSD for moderate accuracy was 1.48 and 0.82 separately. The accuracy study was exact, strong and repeatable. LOD esteem was 0.63 and 0.09, and LOQ esteem was 1.88 and 0.26respectively. The consequences of study showed that the proposed RP-HPLC strategy is a basic, exact, exact, tough, strong, quick and reproducible, which might be helpful for the normal assessment of Ceftolozane and Tazobactam in drug measurements structure.
creator: Shiva Kumar Tejavath
creator: Perli. Kranti Kumar
creator: N. Sriram
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Care Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-28
publication date: 2024-12-28
volume: 13
number: 4
starting page: 515
ending page: 523

Isolation and Analytical Characterization of Azadirachta Indica Seed Constituents Using Chromatography and Infrared Spectroscopy
type: item
description: To research neem and assess the impact of neem leaf extract in the forms of aqueous, ethanolic and methanol. several neem parts have yielded the isolation of over 140 compounds. There have been description of the entire neem tree, including the bark, leaves, flowers, seeds and furits in particular, inflammation, infection, fever, skin condition and dental issues. A simple thin layer chromatography digital image-based analytical methods has been developed for the quantitation of the botanical pesticides, azadirachtin. The method was validated by analyzing azadirachtin, process pesticide formulations, using acidifie vannilin reagent as a post chromatographic derivatizing agent. The separated azadirachtin was clearly identified as green spot. The Rf value was found 60 be 0.55, which is similar to reference standard. A standard calibration plot was established using a reference standard. A separation process is a method that converts a mixture or solution of chemical substances into two or more distinct products. Chromatographic is the one of the best technique for separation. Paper chromatography is the simplest and faster technique. Paper chromatography as the name indicates it carried out on paper. A simple filter paper can be used for it. Different type of paper can also be used, it depending on solvent. It detection analyzed by visually. Fluorescence of substances using UV, enzymatic and microbiological methods. Neem(Azadirachta indica ) is an indian tree well known for its several pharmacological activities, including antimicrobial activity. More than 300 compositions have already been isolated & azadirachtin is its main active component.
creator: S. Kannan
creator: J. Jenisha Mol
creator: A. Jenova
creator: P. Ramya
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Care Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-12
publication date: 2025-09-12
volume: 13
number: 4
starting page: 391
ending page: 406

AI Tools and the Evolution in Medical Writing
type: item
description: Medical writing takes complicated scientific and clinical information and turns it into clear, organised documents that can be read by wide range of people, such as healthcare professionals, regulatory bodies, and the general public. It has its roots in ancient manuscripts and has changed over time as scientific publishing has grown. Medical writers today write regulatory submissions, research article, and educational materials. They are very important for good communication and compliance in the medical and pharmaceutical industries. Artificial intelligence is reshaping health care communication at an unprecedented pace. AI- powered Chabot and language models simplify complex medical information, boost patient engagement, and offer personalized responses, improving understanding and compliance. Healthcare organizations are increasingly adopting AI for patient conversation, reporting faster resolutions, higher satisfaction, and fewer complaints. As Ai continuous to evolve, it empowers healthcare providers and patients alike, making communication more accessible, efficient, and tailored to individual needs. The review examine how artificial intelligence is shaping medical writing It examines how AI technologies-ranging from natural language processing (NLP) models and machine learning writing, including literature review, data interpretation, manuscript drafting, and regulatory documentation. The review covers the integration of AI in both academic and industry and quality assurance measures. Special emphasis is place on the evolving role of the medical writer in the era of AI, the discussion highlights the potential for human - AI collaboration, and outlines future directions for its responsible implementation in clinical and scientific communication.
creator: Praveen Routhu
creator: Rathandeep Latchireddy
creator: Girish Kombathula
creator: Satish Kumar Vemavarapu
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Care Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-08-18
publication date: 2025-08-18
volume: 13
number: 4
starting page: 387
ending page: 390

Virtual Clinical Trails and Reshaping Research Delivery
type: item
description: The global clinical research is transforming with the integration of digital technologies and giving rise to Virtual Clinical Trials (VCT). This system allows participants to engage remotely through technology rather than traditional site based trails. By giving them flexible, patient centric approach to drug development and collection of data. In covid-19 pandemic time, this way of conducting the trails has gained significant attention, where physical interaction between the patient and clinical trial co-ordinator is neglected. And also during the pandemic time different terms are used in different jurisdictions including teletrials, networked trails, digital trails and decentralized clinical trials (DCT). Virtual clinical trials also use variety of tools that include Electronic informed consent(eConsent), Remote monitoring devices, mobile health applications, telemedicine etc. These technologies are mainly used for transmission of real-time data, reducing the need for in-person visits while involving in data collection, patient adherence, and overall trail efficiency. Virtual clinical trials are mainly involving in following the guidelines that are issued by authorities like the Food and drug administration (FDA), European medicine agency (EMA), International council for harmonization of technical requirements for pharmaceuticals for human use(ICH). However, to ensure trail integrity and participant safety the challenges such as data privacy, platform interoperability, cyber security, validation of digital endpoints must be carefully addressed. To ensure equitable access to virtual research platforms, especially in developing countries, there is a need for robust digital infrastructure. For combining both the virtual and in-person components, the pharmaceutical companies and contract research organizations are increasingly investing in hybrid models.
creator: Teegireddy Pardhava Sandeep
creator: Mohammed Fazil Ali
creator: Pandrakula D. Venkata Suma Sai
creator: Chinadubbagalla Udaykiran
creator: Satish Kumar Vemavarapu
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Care Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-08-18
publication date: 2025-08-18
volume: 13
number: 4
starting page: 382
ending page: 386

The Changing Face of Drug Development, Trends and Challenges
type: item
description: Drug development remains a lengthy, costly, and high-risk endeavour, typically spanning 10–15 years and requiring approximately $2.6 billion in capitalized expenditure per approved therapy, a figure that does not account for the substantial variation across therapeutic areas. Traditional discovery methods, while historically impactful, suffer from low efficiency and high attrition rates. In response, a transformative shift is underway, fuelled by breakthroughs in artificial intelligence (AI), gene and RNA therapeutics, decentralized clinical trials, and real-world evidence. AI and machine learning are revolutionizing key early-stage processes, including target identification, virtual screening, predictive toxicology, and adaptive trial designs, which help reduce cycle times by up to 18% and propel multiple compounds into clinical evaluation. Although no AI-designed drug has reached the market yet. CRISPR, CAR‑T, and mRNA therapeutics, principally driven by pandemic-era successes, are redefining treatment possibilities for genetic and infectious diseases. Parallel technical advances in digital health have enabled decentralized clinical trials, incorporating telemedicine, wearable sensors, and real-time data capture, enhancing efficiency and patient inclusion. Likewise, the integration of real-world evidence from electronic health records and patient-reported outcomes is enhancing regulatory decision-making and post-market safety assessments. However, this progress brings significant challenges: regulatory frameworks are struggling to adapt across jurisdictions; biologics manufacturing remains expensive and complex; data privacy and cybersecurity concerns are growing; and scalability risks widening global health disparities. Additionally, the recruitment of diverse and representative patient populations continues to be a major hurdle.
creator: Patnana Vikas
creator: Kudupudi Jahnavi Sravanthi
creator: Kotipalli Bhavani
creator: Satish Kumar Vemavarapu
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Care Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-08-18
publication date: 2025-08-18
volume: 13
number: 4
starting page: 375
ending page: 381

Role of Pharmacologist in Clinical Trials and Regulatory Affairs
type: item
description: Pharmacologists serve a critical and all-too-often unsung role in the process of getting new medicines to patients. From early-stage clinical trials through ultimate regulatory approval, they are the key that connects science to policy. Through their insight into how medicines act within the body through pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and safety they assist in designing and directing clinical studies that generate reliable, relevant data. Pharmacologists fill this gap with a combination of scientific acumen and regulatory savvy. Pharmacologists in regulatory affairs transform cutting-edge scientific data into clear, accurate submissions that meet international health authorities’ standards. They assist in having a common language, so that researchers, clinicians, and regulators are all on the same page. Not only do they accelerate the approval process, but they also serve to enhance patient safety and maintain global standards. By doing so, pharmacologists are not merely scientists strategic allies in providing safe, effective and innovative therapies to the globe.
creator: Cheruku Jigeesha N D S P Pranitha
creator: Arangi Manasa
creator: Gongati Sravani
creator: Satish Kumar Vemavarapu
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Care Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-08-18
publication date: 2025-08-18
volume: 13
number: 4
starting page: 370
ending page: 374

Next Generation Bio Tech Innovations: Shaping the Future of Health Care
type: item
description: Recent advances in biotechnology are transforming healthcare through innovations such as CRISPR gene editing, synthetic biology, mRNA technology, AI-driven drug discovery, and microbiome therapeutics. These breakthroughs are enhancing early diagnosis, enabling personalized treatments, and reshaping clinical outcomes. In agriculture and industry, biotechnology contributes to increased crop resilience and sustainable biomanufacturing, though concerns over biodiversity loss and ecological impact persist. Ethical, social, and regulatory challenges including genetic data privacy, equitable access, and social justice must be carefully navigated. In emerging economies, biotechnology offers significant potential when paired with well-designed drug formularies, strong regulatory frameworks, and public-private collaboration. Education, intellectual property policy, and capacity-building are key to ensuring responsible innovation. Integrating traditional medicine with modern biotech approaches may further enhance healthcare delivery. However, disparities in access and uneven infrastructure may hinder progress in low-resource settings. Proactive global cooperation is essential to bridge these gaps and support inclusive innovation. Ultimately, biotechnology must be guided by ethical foresight and collaborative governance to ensure it serves humanity and the planet equitably.
creator: Murali Venakat Sorapalli
creator: Bhanu Prakash Bokka
creator: MahendraGatala
creator: Satish Kumar Vemavarapu
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Care Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-08-18
publication date: 2025-08-18
volume: 13
number: 4
starting page: 365
ending page: 369

Current and Emerging Roles of Nano pharmacology in Cancer Therapy
type: item
description: Nano pharmacology, a field that merges nanotechnology with pharmacological science, is significantly reshaping cancer treatment by introducing more precise, effective, and individualized therapeutic strategies. This review examines the current landscape and future directions of nano pharmacological methods in oncology, with particular focus on their contributions to drug delivery, diagnostic tools, and treatment modalities. Engineered nanoparticles including liposomes, dendrites, silica-based carriers, and gold-coated Nano shells have demonstrated the ability to enhance drug solubility, minimize adverse systemic effects, and improve localization of anticancer agents. Technological progress in this area has also impacted modalities such as radiation, immune-based treatments, and gene-targeting therapies, employing both passive and active targeting techniques, intelligent drug release systems, and improved navigation through biological barriers. Additionally, nanoscale technologies like quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, and autonomous nanodevices have shown promise in early tumor identification and real-time monitoring of therapeutic responses. As the biological understanding of cancer deepens, nano pharmacology offers a flexible and innovative framework to address challenges such as drug resistance, low therapeutic efficacy, and the demand for personalized treatment regimens. With ongoing scientific progress, this discipline is poised to become a foundational element in the evolution of precision cancer care
creator: Raj Kumar Kuvvarapu
creator: Harshavardhan Alamuru
creator: Akhil Yadav Golla
creator: Satish Kumar Vemavarapu
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Care Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-08-04
publication date: 2025-08-04
volume: 13
number: 4
starting page: 358
ending page: 364

Seizure Control: Exploring new therapies and technologies
type: item
description: Epilepsy is a neurological disorder, marked by sudden episodes of seizures, disturbances, and abnormal electrical activity in the brain which results from the excessive release /discharge of cortical neurons. Even though there is a wide availability of anti-seizure/anti-epileptic or anticonvulsants therapy, 30% of patients with epilepsy experience retain of seizures and some with comorbidities, risk of premature death. This review will cover the points regarding new therapies (pharmacological and non pharmacological) and technologies for seizure control. This review explores emerging pharmacological therapies such as selective ion channel modulators, neurosteroids, anti-inflammatory agents, and genetic and epigenetic-targeted treatments that offer improved efficacy and fewer adverse effects. Additionally, non-pharmacological interventions including vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), deep brain stimulation (DBS), responsive neurostimulation (RNS), and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) have shown promise in patients unresponsive to traditional medications. Dietary therapies such as the ketogenic diet, modified Atkins diet, and low glycemic index therapy have also demonstrated success in specific epilepsy syndromes. Recent advances in neurotechnology and computational tools, particularly machine learning algorithms, wearable seizure detection devices, and predictive brain mapping, have further enhanced our understanding of seizure patterns and patient-specific triggers. These innovations hold potential for real-time seizure prediction and individualized treatment planning.
creator: Rabbani Banu
creator: Shaik Parveen
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Care Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-26
publication date: 2025-07-26
volume: 13
number: 4
starting page: 351
ending page: 357

Formulation, Evaluation, and Optimization of Viloxazine-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles in In-Situ Gel for Nose-to-Brain Delivery in the Effective Management of Depression
type: item
description: Depression is a debilitating mental health disorder that necessitates innovative drug delivery strategies for effective management. This study focuses on developing and optimizing viloxazine-loaded chitosan nanoparticles incorporated into an in-situ gel for nose-to-brain delivery to enhance therapeutic outcomes. VXCN-NPs were prepared using the ionic gelation method and optimized using a Box-Behnken statistical design. The optimized formulation demonstrated a mean particle size of 160 nm, entrapment efficiency of 70.1%, and a PDI of 0.4, ensuring uniformity and stability. The in-situ gel system exhibited optimal pH (5.58), viscosity (65.4 cps), and gelation temperature (31.4 °C), making it suitable for nasal administration. In-vitro release and ex-vivo permeation studies revealed sustained drug release and enhanced permeation through nasal mucosa, achieving an 82% cumulative drug permeation over 8 hours. Stability studies confirmed the formulation's robustness under standard storage conditions for three months. This novel VXCN-NPs in-situ gel system effectively bypasses the blood-brain barrier, enhancing drug bioavailability and minimizing systemic side effects, thereby presenting a promising platform for nose-to-brain delivery in the treatment of depression and other central nervous system disorders.
creator: Anshuman Mohanty
creator: Abhinandan Danodia
creator: Dibya lochan Mohanty
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Care Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-29
publication date: 2025-06-29
volume: 13
number: 4
starting page: 299
ending page: 309

Exploring Zoonotic Diseases: Bridging the Gap Between Animals and Human Health
type: item
description: Most humans are in contact with animals in a way or another. A zoonotic disease is a disease or infection that can be transmitted naturally from vertebrate animals to humans or from humans to vertebrate animals. Zoonotic diseases are infections, which are transmitted through zoonotic pathogens from animals to human beings. Almost more than 60% of human pathogens are zoonotic in origin. A wide variety of pathogens like Bacteria, fungi. Viruses, protozoa, parasites are included. Some of the factors like urbanization, change in climate, animal migrations, trade travel, vector biology etc are greatly influenced. We also highlight about the infections like Corona virus (COVID-19) and Nipah virus, in this Bats are the main reservoir for this virus, which can cause disease in humans and animals. Currently there is no effective of therapeutics, supportive care and prevention are the mainstays of management. As we review about the etiology of major zoonotic diseases and their impact on human health. The implementation of One Health measures is highly recommended for the effective prevention and control of possible zoonosis.
creator: Dodda Sreeja
creator: Panala Tejasri Mahalaxmi
creator: Priyanka Tatikonda
creator: Akhil Akkenapally
creator: Bandi Nandeeshwar
creator: Saroyar Reja
creator: Mandepudi Lakshmi Chandini
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Care Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-29
publication date: 2025-06-29
volume: 13
number: 4
starting page: 294
ending page: 298

Recent Advances In Breast Cancer And Role Of Artificial Intelligence In Prediction And Diagnosis
type: item
description: Breast cancer is still the most common cancer in women around the world, but research in biology, screening, and treatment is moving quickly. In the last five years, progress in molecular biology (like genomic profiling and the development of targeted therapies) and detection technologies (like 3D imaging) have made care more personalized and improved outcomes. At the same time, artificial intelligence (AI), which includes traditional machine learning, deep learning, and radiomics, has become a powerful tool for predicting and diagnosing breast cancer. AI can find patterns in large imaging and molecular datasets that are too small for people to see. AI-driven algorithms have been shown to work as well as or better than human experts in breast imaging techniques like mammography, ultrasound, MRI, digital breast tomosynthesis, and thermography, as well as in digital pathology (1,2). We look at these changes from both a global and an Indian point of view: India has a lot of problems because the disease starts at a young age. This has led to new screening methods like AI-enabled thermography. We also talk about issues with data quality, how to make it fit into clinical workflow, ethics and regulations, and we give an overview of where we want to go in the future with clinical deployment. This review is set up to talk about (1) new developments in breast cancer biology and treatment, (2) traditional and AI-enabled detection and screening, (3) how AI is used in certain imaging and pathology methods, (4) how AI compares to traditional methods, (5) problems and future directions, with a focus on global statistics and the Indian experience
creator: Mekala Anusha
creator: Vummarao Tejaswi
creator: Vangari Akanksha
creator: Vasinni Sravani
creator: Yash Desai
creator: Zoya Fatima
creator: Anuraj Malhari Surve
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Care Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-24
publication date: 2025-06-24
volume: 13
number: 4
starting page: 286
ending page: 293

Elevated Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio as a Prognostic Biomarker for Stroke: A Review
type: item
description: Stroke remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with inflammation playing a crucial role in its pathophysiology and prognosis. The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), a readily available and cost-effective biomarker, has emerged as a potential predictor of short-term mortality in stroke patients. This review explores the role of NLR in stroke, its underlying mechanisms, its prognostic significance, and its potential application in clinical practice. Moreover, NLR has been shown to predict functional impairment at 90 days post-stroke. This biomarker’s simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and easy accessibility make it an attractive tool for early risk stratification in stroke patients. However, variability in NLR cutoff values and the influence of confounding factors highlight the need for further research. Standardized NLR thresholds and prospective studies are essential to establish its utility in clinical decision-making. This review also explores the potential for therapeutic interventions aimed at modulating NLR as a means to improve stroke outcomes
creator: Mudigiri Vyshnavi
creator: Banda SaiKeerthana
creator: Miyapuram Srivastav
creator: Mekala Anusha
creator: Muvvala sudhakar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Care Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-24
publication date: 2025-06-24
volume: 13
number: 4
starting page: 282
ending page: 285

A Review On Coriandrum Sativum L.: It's Ethno Pharmacology, Phytochemistry, Mechanism, Traditional Uses And Cardiovascular Effects
type: item
description: Coriandrum sativum L. (coriander) is an aromatic herb widely used in culinary traditions and folk medicine in many cultures. The flavor has been valued not only by itself, but also for its many therapeutic properties. The review of Coriandrum sativum emphasizes the ethnopharmacological significance, phytochemical constituents and cardiovascular effects of the plant. Coriander has a traditional history of use for a number of health conditions: digestive problems like indigestion and flatulence, inflammatory disorders, microbial infections, anxiety and even for hypertension and palpitations. Phytochemical analyses show that coriander is rich in essential oils (especially linalool), flavonoids, phenolic acids, fatty acids and phytosterols. Its potent antioxidant, anti inflammatory, antimicrobial and lipid lowering properties are due to these constituents. Also very significant cardiovascular properties of coriander can be noted: experimental studies have shown its effect on lowering of the blood pressure, improvement of the lipid profile and protection against oxidative stress provoked cardiac damage. Mechanism known of coriander is vasodilator via calcium channel blockade and nitric oxide dependent pathways; inhibition of critical enzymes of cholesterol biosynthesis; modulation of cytokine inflammation. Although these results are encouraging, questions exist regarding how standard coriander extracts may be improved, that coriander phytochemical profiles can be made consistent and broadly applicable clinical trials to assess efficacy and safety in humans can be performed. Moreover, some of the active constituents are poorly available thereby requiring formulation of more sophisticated delivery systems to maximize therapeutic outcomes. There is a lot of room for further phytochemical characterization and rigorous clinical evaluations of Coriandrum sativum and various ways of putting it into formulation to highlight the potential of this natural agent as part of the arma…
creator: Prakash Pralhad Sarwade
creator: Kavita Narayan Gaisamudre
creator: Rajesh S. Gaikwad
creator: S. Viveka
creator: Srinandhinidevi
creator: Mihir Otia
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Care Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-06
publication date: 2025-06-06
volume: 13
number: 4
starting page: 280
ending page: 290

Therapeutic Potential Of Curcuma Longa In Acute Kidney Injury: Mechanisms And Clinical Prospects
type: item
description: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) refers to a rapid (onset within 48 h) deteriorated renal function typically induced by ischemia reperfusion injury, nephrotoxicity or sepsis. Currently, there is only very limited pharmacological treatment with direct impact on the pathophysiological mechanisms of AKI and current treatment strategies are mainly supportive. In this regard, the natural compounds with multitargeted biological activity attract ever greater interest. Turmeric (Curcuma longa) and curcumin, its main bioactive compound exhibited impressive therapeutic potential in AKI management because of their powerful anti inflammatory, antiapoptotic, antioxidant and antifibrotic properties. Curcumin modulates key molecular pathways important for the progression of AKI such as inhibition of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling and activation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), inhibiting proinflammatory cytokines and protecting against oxidative damage and cell death. Curcumin has been shown, in preclinical studies in a variety of models of AKI, to significantly improve renal function, reduce histological damage and improve survival. In addition, curcumin has the capability of thwarting the escalation of AKI to the chronic kidney disease (CKD) by damping the fibrotic signaling pathway of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)/Smad. While promising, clinical translation of curcumin is hindered by its poor oral bioavailability. To date, there have been ongoing research trying to overcome some of these limitations by look into novel delivery systems and combinational therapies. This review summarizes current knowledge of curcumin on the mechanistic basis for nephroprotective effects of curcumin, provides an assessment of experimental and clinical evidence as to its nephroprotective role and discusses foci for future studies on usage of curcumin in the management of AKI. There is great promise that curcumin, a natural and multi-targ…
creator: Prakash Pralhad Sarwade
creator: Kavita Narayan Gaisamudre
creator: Rajesh S. Gaikwad
creator: K. Vijayalakshmi
creator: Radhika
creator: Kalpana Sonwani
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Care Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-06
publication date: 2025-06-06
volume: 13
number: 4
starting page: 271
ending page: 279

Persistent Threat Of Typhoid Fever: Challenges In Endemic Regions And The Role Of Vaccination
type: item
description: Typhoid fever, caused by salmonella typhi (s.typhi) is a life-threatening disease, usually food-borne and commonly associated with international travel. the disease transmission remains endemic in many low- and middle-income countries, representing further hotspots for seeding new global outbreaks. china has historically. been affected by typhoid fever, but the respective roles of local transmission and importation remain unknown while typhoid fever has largely been eliminated in high-income regions which have developed modern water, sanitation, and hygiene facilities it remains a significant public health burden resulting in morbidity and mortality among millions of individuals in resource-constrained settings. prevention and control efforts are needed that integrate several high-impact interventions targeting facilities and infrastructure, including those addressing improvements in sanitation, access to safe water, and planned urbanization, together with parallel efforts directed at effective strategies for use of typhoid conjugate vaccines (tcv). the use of tcvs is a critical tool with the potential of having a rapid impact on typhoid fever disease burden; their introduction will also serve as an important strategy to combat evolving antimicrobial resistance to currently available typhoid fever treatments.
creator: Shalini Bhargav
creator: Gagandeep Singh
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Care Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-06
publication date: 2025-06-06
volume: 13
number: 4
starting page: 264
ending page: 270

Erlotinib as a Potential Therapeutic Agent for Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review of its Mechanism of action and Preclinical evidence
type: item
description: Beta-amyloid peptide buildup and hyperphosphorylated tau protein are two hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a complex and multifaceted neurodegenerative illness. Although our understanding of the molecular pathways behind AD has advanced significantly, effective treatment approaches are still elusive. Tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib has demonstrated promise as a possible treatment for AD in preclinical research. This study offers a thorough analysis of the current understanding of erlotinib's mode of action in modifying EGFR signaling, as well as its impacts on tau protein phosphorylation and beta-amyloid formation. Along with its possible neuroprotective benefits, we also go over the preclinical and clinical data that support the use of erlotinib in AD. Erlotinib may be a viable treatment for AD, according to our study, and it merits more clinical research. We also point out that more research is necessary to completely understand the processes by which Erlotinib affects AD pathology and to ascertain whether it has the potential to be used as a treatment for this debilitating illness.
creator: Jyoti Chauhan
creator: Gourav Thakur
creator: Manish Kumar
creator: Amardeep Kaur
creator: Swati Kaushal
creator: Khushboo Kishore
creator: RB Sharma
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Care Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-05-08
publication date: 2025-05-08
volume: 13
number: 4
starting page: 275
ending page: 281

A Boom of Artificial Intelligence In Pharmaceutical Industry- A Review
type: item
description: Artificial intelligence (AI) is a promising and specialized field in computer science that utilizes machines and mathematical algorithms to efficiency process, analyze and predict the data. The research in AI has great potential in pharmaceutical and healthcare system including drug discovery, drug repurposing, determining pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic parameters, drug dosage form designing and disease diagnosis. Artificial intelligence has transformed the way biotechnology and pharmaceutical technology performs with the help of pharmacists (researchers and scientist) to a great extent. Artificial intelligence plays a crucial role in pharmaceutical sector as it decreases the human intervention, facilitates the R&D pharmaceutical process, equipments required for curing the disease and medical illness, pharmaceutical productivity, promote innovation, drug discovery, drug delivery formulations development, poly-pharmacology, hospital pharmacy and clinical trials. The AI technology involves deep learning models and neural networks for research in pharmaceutical sector. AI is known for its cost effective, fast and accurate result predictions with high efficiency and personalization in medicinal sector. This review focuses on the Artificial intelligence, history, application of AI and benefits and limitation in pharmaceutical and healthcare sector.
creator: Neeraj Kumar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Care Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-04
publication date: 2025-06-04
volume: 13
number: 4
starting page: 264
ending page: 274

A Short Review On Antibiotic Drug
type: item
description: Antibiotic drug abuse, characterized by the excessive or inappropriate use of antibiotics in humans and animals, is a growing global health crisis. This misuse occurs through overprescription (often for viral infections), patient non-adherence, self-medication, and rampant non-therapeutic use in agriculture. Drivers include patient demand, diagnostic uncertainty, economic incentives, weak regulations, and lack of public awareness. The most severe consequence is antimicrobial resistance (AMR), where bacteria evolve to withstand antibiotics, leading to untreatable "superbugs." AMR increases treatment failures, mortality rates, healthcare costs, and undermines critical medical procedures like surgeries and chemotherapy. Additionally, antibiotic abuse disrupts the microbiome, raises risks of infections like C. difficile, and pollutes the environment with resistant bacteria. Addressing this crisis demands a unified "One Health" strategy, integrating human, animal, and environmental health efforts. Key measures include enforcing antibiotic stewardship programs to promote responsible prescribing, improving public education on proper antibiotic use, and investing in rapid diagnostics to differentiate bacterial from viral infections. Stricter regulations on antibiotic access in human medicine and banning non-therapeutic agricultural use are essential.
creator: Ayush Pal
creator: Meenu Bhatt
creator: Abhilash Bisht
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Care Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-04
publication date: 2025-06-04
volume: 13
number: 4
starting page: 259
ending page: 263

A Systematic Review Anti Diabetic Drug And Their Management Therapies
type: item
description: After epilepsy and asthma, diabetes is the third most prevalent chronic condition in children. More lately, there has been a sharp rise in the general prevalence of diabetes in both adults and children. This has been partly caused by the obesity pandemic in children. It makes sense that this placed a financial strain on nations and health authorities who were coping with high rates of illness morbidity and possibly dangerous sequelae. Simultaneously, other therapeutic discoveries broadened the selection of available drugs. We speculate that an authority requests a report of anti- diabetic medication prioritizing from specialized specialists. Apart from insulin and metformin, some people might have another option for a third drug, and doctors may have more than three options available to them at any given moment many clinical settings. The new policy of the authority is to buy only three antidiabetic pharmaceutic also out of a big list of both new and old meds. In response to this request, we provided a recommendation based on the most extensive clinical research in the field as well a various qualities of these drugs.
creator: Km. Kirti
creator: Shivani Bhardwaj
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Care Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-04
publication date: 2025-06-04
volume: 13
number: 4
starting page: 245
ending page: 258

A Market Perspective On Herbal And Commercial Toothpaste: Comparative Insights And Trends
type: item
description: Over the past few decades, the global toothpaste market has undergone a notable transformation driven by increasing consumer interest in natural and herbal alternatives. This review highlights the distinctions between herbal and commercial toothpaste in terms of formulation, consumer behavior, regulatory frameworks, marketing strategies, and emerging trends. Commercial toothpaste, led by brands like Colgate, Crest, and Sensodyne, commonly contains synthetic ingredients such as fluoride, triclosan, and artificial flavors to target issues like sensitivity, whitening, and cavity prevention. In contrast, herbal toothpaste, promoted by brands like Himalaya, Dabur, Patanjali, and Tom’s of Maine, incorporates natural ingredients such as neem, clove, babool, and aloe vera, offering benefits like reduced side effects, natural safety, and environmental sustainability. The rising demand for herbal products is largely driven by health-conscious and environmentally aware consumers, especially younger demographics. This shift is also supported by growing concerns about synthetic chemical exposure and the revival of traditional medicine systems like Ayurveda. Despite these trends, commercial toothpaste maintains market dominance due to strong brand recognition, clinical validation, and broad availability. The review also addresses challenges faced by herbal products, such as lack of standardization and scientific backing. Nonetheless, hybrid formulations combining natural and scientifically proven ingredients present promising future opportunities in the evolving oral care market.Bottom of Form
creator: Ritik Singh Bisht
creator: Bigul Y. Bhardwaj
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Care Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-04
publication date: 2025-06-04
volume: 13
number: 4
starting page: 236
ending page: 244

A Critical Review Of The Adverse Effects Of Commonly Prescribed Painkillers
type: item
description: Painkillers play a crucial role in managing acute and chronic pain, significantly improving patients' quality of life. However, commonly used analgesics such as NSAIDs, opioids, and acetaminophen are associated with serious side effects that can outweigh their therapeutic benefits. This review critically examines the safety profiles, mechanisms of toxicity, and clinical implications of these drugs. NSAIDs, though effective for pain and inflammation, inhibit COX-1 enzymes and are linked to gastrointestinal issues like ulcers and bleeding, along with increased risks of cardiovascular events and kidney damage. Opioids, vital for severe pain relief, carry significant risks including respiratory depression, constipation, tolerance, dependence, and endocrine disruption issues that have contributed to the ongoing opioid crisis. Acetaminophen, often viewed as a safer option, poses a risk of acute liver failure when taken in high doses due to the buildup of toxic metabolites. The review also discusses adjuvant analgesics used for neuropathic pain, which can further complicate treatment through side effects and polypharmacy challenges. Given these risks, it is essential to perform individualized risk-benefit assessments, prescribe the lowest effective doses, and ensure patient education and regular monitoring. Future strategies should focus on developing safer analgesics and updating clinical guidelines to enhance pain management and reduce complications.
creator: Lokesh Rawat
creator: Narendra Singh
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Care Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-04
publication date: 2025-06-04
volume: 13
number: 4
starting page: 228
ending page: 235

Epidemiology, Risk Factors, And Public Awareness Of Cancer: A Comprehensive Review
type: item
description: Cancer remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with a growing burden projected in both developed and developing countries. This comprehensive review explores the epidemiology of cancer, examining global incidence, prevalence, mortality trends, and disparities across regions, age groups, and socioeconomic strata. Key risk factors contributing to cancer development including genetic predisposition, lifestyle behaviors (such as tobacco use, alcohol consumption, poor diet, and physical inactivity), environmental exposures, and infections are analyzed in depth. Special attention is given to modifiable risk factors and the role of early detection and prevention in reducing cancer-related deaths. Furthermore, the review assesses public awareness and understanding of cancer, identifying gaps in knowledge, attitudes, and practices that hinder effective prevention and timely diagnosis. It highlights the importance of educational campaigns, screening programs, and policy interventions in promoting awareness and behavioral change. By synthesizing current evidence, the review underscores the need for a multidisciplinary approach to cancer control that integrates epidemiological data, risk factor mitigation, and enhanced public engagement to reduce the global cancer burden.
creator: Abhishek Maheshwari
creator: Sonia Ranawat
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Care Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-02
publication date: 2025-06-02
volume: 13
number: 4
starting page: 213
ending page: 227

Comprehensive Review of Psoriasis: Pathogenesis, Treatment, and Future Directions
type: item
description: Inflammation of the skin, often known as psoriasis, is a chronic skin condition that is brought on by the immune system. There are various factors that can contribute to its development, including genetics, the immune system, and the environment. Immunological dysregulation is primarily caused by the Th17 axis; however, genetics and the environment can also play a role in the development of this condition. Because the disease manifests itself in a variety of ways in various persons, it is essential to make use of standardised tools such as the PASI and the DLQI to arrive at an accurate diagnosis and determine the severity of the condition. There are a number of different methods that can be utilised to treat the illness. Some of these methods include topical therapies, phototherapy, systemic drugs, and biologics that target particular immune pathways. There are a number of severe health concerns that are associated with psoriasis, such as psoriatic arthritis and heart disease, both of which make going through life less enjoyable. As biomarkers and personalised medicine continue to advance, it is possible that treatments will become more therapeutically effective and less risky for each individual patient. It is vital to continue searching for novel drugs and molecular processes to improve the results for patients and to satisfy therapeutic needs that have not yet been satisfied.
creator: Anagha Mohandas
creator: Jeena Chandran.N
creator: E. Tamil Jothi
creator: Mohammad Mansoor
creator: G. Babu
creator: Anson S. Maroky
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Care Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-05-31
publication date: 2025-05-31
volume: 13
number: 4
starting page: 257
ending page: 263

A Short Review On Nicotine Replacement Therapy
type: item
description: Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) remains the most widely accessible and evidence-based pharmacological intervention for smoking cessation. This review summarizes the mechanisms, formulations, efficacy, and safety profiles of FDA-approved NRT products, including transdermal patches, gum, lozenges, inhalers, and nasal sprays. While all NRTs alleviate withdrawal symptoms by delivering nicotine without tobacco toxins, their pharmacokinetic differences influence user adherence and success rates. Fast-acting forms (gum, spray) provide rapid craving relief but require behavioral compliance, whereas patches offer steady dosing with lower misuse potential. Emerging approaches like nicotine vaccines and monoclonal antibodies show theoretical promise but lack clinical efficacy in trials. Despite limitations including variable individual response and compensatory smoking behaviors NRT doubles quit rates when combined with behavioral support. The review highlights the importance of personalized NRT selection based on dependence severity, side effect profiles, and patient preferences, while underscoring the need for novel agents to address treatment-resistant addiction.
creator: Abhilash Bisht
creator: Gagandeep Singh
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Care Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-05-31
publication date: 2025-05-31
volume: 13
number: 4
starting page: 203
ending page: 212

A Review On Juglans Regia: Its Botanical Description, Phytochemistry, Traditional Uses And Its Pharmacological Activities
type: item
description: The English or Persian walnut which is Juglans regia L., is recognized worldwide for its important nutritional, medical and industrial uses. This review thoroughly examines the plant characters, chemical makeup, history of use, drug activities, nutritional aspects, biotechnological applications, risks and future prospects of Juglans regia. People in temperate regions have traditionally used walnut trees to treat infections, inflammation, diabetes and skin problems. It has been found by phytochemical research that walnuts provide a number of bioactivities from polyphenols, flavonoids, juglone, essential fatty acids, vitamins and minerals. Research has shown that these constituents give the plant useful antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, neuroprotective and anticancer effects. Thanks to omega-3s, dietary fiber and protein, eating walnuts can help improve the heart and brain. Juglans regia is important to industry and commerce for more than just the kernels people eat. People use walnut oil in both cooking and as a cosmetic and the shells are valued for their role as abrasives and fillers in manufacturing. Because it is strong and attractive, wood is used for furniture and decorative crafts. Besides use in cooking, the leaves, husks and bark of the plant are helpful in herbal medicine and to produce natural pesticides. While Juglans regia is helpful in many applications, its full potential cannot be reached until problems linked to standardizing its extracts, performing revealing clinical trials, managing allergic reactions and safeguarding the environment are addressed. Juglone which belongs to the naphthoquinone family, is useful for health benefits but misuse can cause toxicity. Those who are allergic to walnuts must protect themselves.
creator: Aarif
creator: Hritik Gupta
creator: Ashish Pokhriyal
creator: Deepen Chettri
creator: Deepak Bisht
creator: Archana Rautela
creator: Parveen Kumar Ashok
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Care Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-05-31
publication date: 2025-05-31
volume: 13
number: 4
starting page: 193
ending page: 202

Involvement of the gut-brain axis in neurological disorders
type: item
description: The prevalence of neurological disorders such as anxiety, depression, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer's disease is increasing worldwide. Although the exact mechanism is not clear various factors and mechanisms are involved in their pathogenesis. One of the major factors is the diet which contributes to disease occurrence by stimulation of the gut-brain axis. This crosstalk between the gut-brain axis is not only involved in regulating gastrointestinal homeostasis but also influences behavior, motivation, and cognitive function. Therefore, there is a significant need to explore this vast area, the gut-brain axis, and its association with neurological disorders. It is a well-known fact that commonly prescribed antibiotics are responsible for dysbiosis on the other hand food like probiotics are beneficial for maintaining the diversity of the microbiome. In this review, we have compiled the reports and evidence that link the gut-brain axis to different neurological disorders as it will help identify potential novel therapeutic drug targets. The effect of both western and healthy diets has been discussed which could be beneficial for encouraging people to opt for a healthy lifestyle.
creator: Swati Kaushal
creator: Amardeep Kaur
creator: Khushboo Kishore
creator: Jyoti Chauhan
creator: Ram Babu Sharma
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Care Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-05-29
publication date: 2025-05-29
volume: 13
number: 4
starting page: 244
ending page: 256

A Comprehensive Review Of Athlete’s Foot (Tinea Pedis) Etiology, Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, And Management
type: item
description: Athlete’s Foot, or Tinea Pedis, is the most prevalent superficial fungal infection of the skin, mainly caused by dermatophytes like Trichophyton rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, and Epidermophyton floccosum. This review covers its causes, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and future therapeutic strategies. The infection commonly affects the spaces between toes, soles, and sides of the foot, flourishing in moist environments such as public showers and locker rooms. Risk factors include excessive sweating, occlusive footwear, poor foot hygiene, and prolonged moisture exposure. High-risk groups include athletes, military personnel, diabetics, and immune-compromised individuals, who are more prone to complications like secondary bacterial infections and recurrence. Tinea Pedis appears in various forms interdigital, moccasin-type, and vesiculobullous each with distinct symptoms like itching, redness, scaling, and occasionally blisters. Diagnosis is mainly clinical but supported by KOH microscopy, fungal culture, and PCR testing. Mild cases are treated with topical antifungals such as azoles or allylamines, while more severe infections may require systemic drugs like terbinafine or itraconazole. Challenges include drug resistance and patient nonadherence. Preventive education and proper foot care are vital. Future directions include novel antifungal agents, nanotechnology-based delivery, faster diagnostics, and potential vaccines. A multidisciplinary and global approach is crucial to reducing the impact of Tinea Pedis.
creator: Vikash Sharma
creator: Geetika Chandra
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Care Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-05-29
publication date: 2025-05-29
volume: 13
number: 4
starting page: 181
ending page: 192

Phytochemical, Physicochemical & Anti-Inflammatory Investigation Of Leaves And Root Of Lantana Camara Linn.
type: item
description: The growing demand for safer and effective anti-inflammatory agents has renewed interest in medicinal plants. Lantana camara Linn., a widely distributed shrub from the Verbenaceae family, has long been used in traditional medicine for its diverse therapeutic benefits. This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical content, assess physicochemical properties, and determine the in vitro anti-inflammatory potential of methanol extracts from its leaves and roots. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolics, tannins, saponins, and terpenoids more abundant in the leaf extract all known for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant roles. Physicochemical analysis, including tests like loss on drying, total ash, and extractive values, met WHO and Indian Pharmacopoeia standards, indicating good quality and purity of the plant materials. The anti-inflammatory activity was tested using the egg albumin denaturation assay. The leaf extract showed a maximum inhibition of 79% at 800 µg/mL, while the root extract reached 70% at the same concentration. Both results closely matched the standard drug diclofenac sodium. These findings highlight the significant anti-inflammatory potential of Lantana camara, particularly in its leaf extract, supported by rich phytochemical content and acceptable physicochemical standards, suggesting its promise in developing plant-based anti-inflammatory treatments.
creator: Manish Tiwari
creator: Gaurav Brijwal
creator: Ankit Kumar
creator: Nikhil Dev Yadav
creator: Kriti Dabral
creator: Aamir Rehman
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Care Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-05-29
publication date: 2025-05-29
volume: 13
number: 4
starting page: 174
ending page: 180

A Comprehensive Review on the Herbal Gels as Effective Topical Therapeutics for Inflammation
type: item
description: Inflammation is a complex response to harmful stimuli and, if uncontrolled, can lead to acute and chronic diseases. While conventional anti-inflammatory treatments like NSAIDs and corticosteroids are effective, they often cause side effects such as skin irritation, systemic toxicity, and impaired wound healing. This has driven interest in safer, natural alternatives like herbal gels. These gels combine bioactive plant compounds with gel-based delivery systems, offering improved skin penetration, localized effects, and better patient compliance. This review explores the phytochemical composition, mechanisms of action, formulation, and pharmacological evaluation of herbal gels for inflammatory conditions. Herbal gels exert anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting pro-inflammatory enzymes, scavenging free radicals like nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species, and stabilizing cell membranes. Medicinal plants such as Aloe vera, Curcuma longa, Centella asiatica, Boswellia serrata, and Calendula officinalis show promising anti-inflammatory properties in laboratory and some clinical studies. Common pharmacological tests include protein denaturation inhibition and nitric oxide scavenging assays. Despite promising results, challenges remain in standardizing herbal components, ensuring formulation stability, and meeting regulatory requirements. Future progress depends on improved extraction methods, nanoformulations, and clinical trials. With continued research, herbal gels have strong potential as safe and effective alternatives or complements to conventional anti-inflammatory therapies.
creator: Harjeet Kumar Singh
creator: Abhishek Kumar
creator: Monu
creator: Kriti Dabral
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Care Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-05-29
publication date: 2025-05-29
volume: 13
number: 4
starting page: 161
ending page: 173

Nutraceuticals in Modern Pharmacy: Bridging Nutrition and Therapeutics
type: item
description: Nutraceutical products encompass components of both nutrition and medications. Nutraceuticals are foods or food components that have a crucial role in altering and maintaining normal physiological functions, hence promoting human health. The final section of the assessment emphasises the substantial growth in the market value of nutraceuticals by citing numerous patents related to their application in agriculture and the treatment of various conditions. Nutraceuticals, in addition to their nutritional benefits, have demonstrated potential as supplementary therapy in the treatment and prevention of several illnesses, including cancer, by alleviating certain toxic side effects of radiation and chemotherapy. Innovative nanoformulation methods have demonstrated efficacy in addressing challenges during the development of new nutraceutical formulations. Mitigating the adverse effects of nutraceutical supplements may be achievable with previous awareness of various drug combinations. Enhanced health advantages from micronised dietary products and other nutraceutical supplements are an additional result of nanotechnology. This review article encompasses the latest significant findings from clinical studies on nutraceuticals, illustrating the therapeutic effects of bioactive chemicals present in nutraceuticals across many illnesses. Current demographic and health trends are the primary catalysts for the growth of the global nutraceutical market. Nutraceutical foods encompass a diverse range of herbal and natural components, such as dietary fibre, prebiotics, probiotics, polyunsaturated fatty acids, antioxidants, and others. Nutraceuticals have been utilised to address obesity, heart disease, cancer, osteoporosis, arthritis, diabetes, cholesterol, and numerous other significant health concerns. Ultimately, the term "nutraceutical" has heralded a new era in health and medicine, wherein the food industry has evolved into a research-oriented sector.
creator: Niloy Sharma
creator: Kriti Dabral
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Care Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-05-29
publication date: 2025-05-29
volume: 13
number: 4
starting page: 151
ending page: 160

Targeting G-Protein-Coupled Receptors in Modern Drug Discovery: Advances and Therapeutic Potential
type: item
description: G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) are the largest and most varied group of membrane proteins. They are essential for converting signals from outside the cell into actions inside the cell. GPCRs play important roles in many body functions, including how we transmit signals in the brain, regulate the immune system, and manage hormones. They are involved in various diseases as well, such as cancer, heart problems, and brain disorders. This review looks at the latest advancements in finding drugs that target GPCRs. It highlights recent successes in designing drugs based on GPCR structures, the development of drugs that change GPCR activity in different ways, and the use of machine learning to predict how substances will interact with these receptors. It also discusses new approaches using RNA therapies and synthetic biology to influence GPCRs. Furthermore, the review focuses on innovative strategies for targeting less understood GPCRs and hidden allosteric sites, which have significant potential for new treatments. The combination of computer tools, omics technologies, and structural biology is creating new opportunities in precise drug development, making GPCRs a promising area for new medicines
creator: Kancharla Serafina
creator: Kankanala Navya
creator: Vemavarapu Satish Kumar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Care Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-05-20
publication date: 2025-05-20
volume: 13
number: 4
starting page: 237
ending page: 243

A Systematic Review on Alternatives Medicines for Prevention of Asthma Disease
type: item
description: The term "alternative medicine" describes a variety of medical procedures and supplies that are typically excluded from mainstream Western medicine. These include of yoga, breathing exercises, acupuncture, homeopathy, herbal treatment, Ayurveda, and Traditional Chinese treatment (TCM). These systems emphasize preventive treatment and the balance of body systems as part of their holistic therapeutic approach. Airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow restriction are the hallmarks of asthma, a chronic respiratory disease. Millions of individuals worldwide are impacted, and it has a major negative influence on their quality of life. Leukotriene modifiers, beta-agonists, and inhaled corticosteroids are examples of conventional therapy methods that have shown successful in reducing symptoms and averting asthma flare-ups. However, long-term reliance, adverse effects, and financial hardship are common with these treatments. As a result, alternative medicine systems are becoming more and more popular as supportive or supplemental treatments for asthma. Herbal medicine is among the most widely explored alternative approaches for asthma. Several plants and their extracts have been traditionally used for their anti-inflammatory and broncho dilatory effects. Notable examples include Adhatoda vasica (vasaka), known for its ability to clear bronchial secretions; Tylophora indica, used for its immunomodulatory properties; and Glycyrrhiza glabra (liquorice), which possesses anti-inflammatory effects. These herbs may help reduce the frequency and severity of asthma symptoms, though more scientific studies are required to confirm their safety and efficacy
creator: Shailja Shukla
creator: Pooja Negi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Care Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-05-20
publication date: 2025-05-20
volume: 13
number: 4
starting page: 140
ending page: 150

Formulation And Evaluation Of Herbal Mosquito Repellent Cream
type: item
description: The increasing interest in the harmful effects of synthetic chemical repellents has created a growing need for natural substitutes for mosquito repellents. The present study was undertaken to develop and test a herbal mosquito repellent cream from natural products like neem (Azadirachta indica), tulsi (Ocimum sanctum), and lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus), which are well known for their insecticidal and mosquito-repellent activities. The main aims were to determine the physical characteristics, stability, safety for skin use, and mosquito-repelling activity of the cream. The cream formulation was done by isolating active constituents from neem, tulsi, and lemongrass and mixing them with a base cream. The physical characteristics of the creams, such as color, texture, and spreadability, were assessed, and all the formulations had a uniform, homogenous smooth texture without any evident separation or imperfections. The pH of the cream was within the optimal range of 5.0 to 6.0 and was suitable for use with the skin. Skin irritation testing was performed in human volunteers with no evidence of irritation, redness, or discomfort and showed that the cream is safe for topical application. The mosquito repellency test, conducted with Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, showed that the cream gave high levels of mosquito repellency, with the best formulation giving as much as 90% protection. This can be compared to synthetic chemical repellents such as DEET, proving the effectiveness of the herbal ingredients in repelling mosquitoes. Generally, the herbal mosquito repellent cream was found to be effective, stable, and safe to use. The findings indicate that it could be a promising natural alternative to chemical mosquito repellents, providing protection against mosquito-borne diseases in an environmentally friendly way. Further studies such as long-term field trials and incorporating more plant-based components may enhance its effectiveness and increase market potential. This formulat…
creator: Harsh Gupta
creator: Vipul Kumar
creator: Tushar Chauhan
creator: Rajnish Kumar Patel
creator: Kriti Dabral
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Care Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-05-14
publication date: 2025-05-14
volume: 13
number: 4
starting page: 131
ending page: 139

A Comprehensive Review On Herbal Shampoo For Dandruff Scalp
type: item
description: Herbal shampoos incorporate a variety of botanicals known for their hair-enhancing properties. Key ingredients such as aloe vera, shikakai, reetha (soapnut), amla (Indian gooseberry), hibiscus, neem, and bhringraj provide natural cleansing, conditioning, and strengthening effects. Aloe vera soothes the scalp and promotes hydration, while shikakai and reetha act as natural surfactants, removing dirt without excessive dryness. Amla and hibiscus are rich in vitamins and antioxidants, preventing hair fall and stimulating growth. Neem offers antimicrobial benefits, making it effective against dandruff and scalp infections. Additionally, essential oils like lavender, rosemary, and tea tree oil are often included for their fragrance and scalp-stimulating properties. One of the major advantages of herbal shampoos is their compatibility with different hair types, including sensitive and chemically treated hair. They help maintain the scalp's pH balance, reduce frizz, and enhance hair texture over time. Moreover, being biodegradable and free from synthetic additives, they pose minimal environmental risk compared to commercial shampoos. Despite their benefits, challenges such as shorter shelf life, variability in ingredient potency, and slower lathering compared to synthetic shampoos exist. However, advancements in natural preservation techniques and emulsification processes are improving their efficacy and consumer appeal. The growing awareness of clean beauty and sustainable living has positioned herbal shampoos as a key segment in the haircare market. Further research on standardized formulations and clinical validation of their benefits can enhance their adoption. In conclusion, herbal shampoos represent a harmonious blend of traditional wisdom and modern science, offering a holistic approach to hair care that aligns with health-conscious and environmentally responsible consumer trends.
creator: MD. Sarfaraz Ahmed
creator: MD. Ibrahim
creator: Nagma Kumari
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Care Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-05-14
publication date: 2025-05-14
volume: 13
number: 4
starting page: 121
ending page: 130

Potassium Salt of Boswellic Acid To Managing Hypokalemia Associated With Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) During Pregnancy
type: item
description: Triterpenoids Boswellic acids derived from the resin of Boswellia serrata have proven to be natural anti-inflammatory substances. They have the potential to inhibit 5- lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α and IL-1β which are known to worsen mucosal inflammation. Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a long-lasting disorder of the digestive system that manifests in form of abdominal discomfort, bloating, changes in bowel movement, and greatly reduced quality of life. The causes are many; however, more recent studies uncovered a contribution of systemic electrolyte imbalance, especially hypokalemia, in aggravating the inflammatory processes linked to IBS. Hypokalemia, which is a condition where serum potassium levels are less than 3.5 mmol/L, not only decreases the peristaltic movement of smooth muscles and neuromuscular transmission in the intestinal tract but leads to inflammation of the lining or mucosal membrane which tends to worsen the symptoms of IBS. Boswellic acids are pentacyclic triterpenoids extracted from the resin of Boswellia serrata that possess potent anti-inflammatory effects via 5-lipoxygenase inhibition and down regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This study investigates the use of a new compound, the potassium salt of boswellic acid, which may use inflammatory aspect of boswellic acid in addition to potassium’s property of mitigating electrolytic imbalance, for treating inflammation in Hypokalaemia associated Inflammatory Bowel Syndrome (IBS). In our in vitro experiments, we observed that potassium starvation greatly reduced the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors like TNF-α, IL-6, and NFκB from the intestinal epithelial cells. Furthermore, the compound appear to positively influence the tight junctions which could bolster the maintenance of intestinal barrier protection. In an initial clinical assessment of patients with hypokalemic IBS, the use of boswellic acid potassium salt over a six-week period was associated with …
creator: MD. Nadim Akhtar
creator: Rajneesh
creator: Dheeraj
creator: Mahabeer Singh
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Care Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-05-13
publication date: 2025-05-13
volume: 13
number: 4
starting page: 109
ending page: 120

Advancing skin cancer therapy: innovations in curcumin ointment development
type: item
description: Skin cancer, primarily driven by excessive ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure, represents a significant health challenge globally. This article explores the potential of herbal therapies in skin cancer treatment, focusing on the development of a curcumin based ointment. Traditional treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation have limitations, including severe side effects and drug resistance. Herbal remedies offer a promising alternative due to their natural anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-carcinogenic properties. In this research two herbal compounds like turmeric, neem highlighting their pharmacological actions and potential in skin cancer therapy. A detailed formulation process for a curcumin and azadirectin ointment is provided, along with evaluation reagent’ s to ensure its efficacy and safety. The findings suggest that incorporating herbal treatments could enhance current skin cancer therapies, offering a more holistic approach with fewer side effects
creator: Ankush
creator: Himanshu
creator: Himanshu Sharma
creator: Navneet Mehan
creator: Khushboo Kishore
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Care Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-05-11
publication date: 2025-05-11
volume: 13
number: 4
starting page: 98
ending page: 108